Technicality
· 21ST OF OCTOBER, THE YEAR 2004DIRECOTRIES MUST BE EXECUTABLE
Who knew. I ran chmod 666 on some stuff and suddenly I got “Permission denied errors” when I tried to ls. This gave me standard UNIX frustration fatigue, until I realized it 666 gets rid of execution permissions. Trial and error then taught me a basic fact of UNIX.

ONE COMMENT
The execute bit on directories make it your current working directory, i.e., cd to that directory. While this is normally fairly useless by itself, it can be useful to:
chmod 711 /home/jd
chmod 755 /home/jd/public_html
If /home/jd does not have the execute bit, then Apache cannot chdir to my public_html directory, even though its world-readable.